All of the information concerning Myalgic Encephalomyelitis on this website is fully referenced and has been compiled using the highest quality resources available, produced by the world's leading M.E. experts.
More experienced and more knowledgeable M.E. experts than these – Dr Byron Hyde and Dr. Elizabeth Dowsett in particular – do not exist.
Between Dr Byron Hyde and Dr. Elizabeth Dowsett, and their mentors the late Dr John Richardson and Dr Melvin Ramsay (respectively), these four doctors have been involved with M.E. research and M.E. patients for well over 100 years collectively, from the 1950s to the present day. Between them they have examined more than 15 000 individual (sporadic and epidemic) M.E. patients, as well as each authoring numerous studies and articles on M.E., and books (or chapters in books) on M.E. Again, more experienced, more knowledgeable and more credible M.E. experts than these simply do not exist.
The papers on this site merely provide a brief summary of some of the most important facts of M.E. They have been created – by a well-read layperson – purely for the benefit of those individuals without the time, inclination or ability to read each of the large number of far more complex and lengthy source papers. A full list of references is given at the end of each paper however, and these original references are very highly recommended as essential additional reading for any physician (or anyone else) with a real interest in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.
Governments around the world are currently spending $0 a year on M.E. research.
Considering the brutal severity of the illness, and the vast numbers of patients involved, ranging in age from two to adults, this is a worldwide disgrace. How much longer will the world be fooled by the paper-thin ‘CFS’ scan, which has been clearly proven to be merely financially motivated?’ The fiction of ‘CFS’ represents outright medical fraud, involving serious medical abuse and neglect of patients, on a truly massive scale.
Not everyone was taken in by the ‘CFS’ insurance scam however. A small but dedicated group of M.E. experts have each examined many thousands of individual M.E. patients and have made many remarkable discoveries about the pathology of M.E. – as well as confirmed many times over what was already known about M.E. prior to 1988, before M.E. research became tainted by ‘fatigue’ and ‘CFS.’
A sample reference list is included below. These papers are highly recommended additional reading.
Jodi Bassett, 2009
1. Bagnall, Gurli 2006, Civilization: Another word for barbarism [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wbagnall.htm
2. Bagnall, Gurli 2005, COERCION, CORRUPTION AND CONSPIRACY: A LETHAL MIX, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wbagnall.htm
3. Bagnall, Gurli 2005a, What is it About Psychiatry? [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wbagnall.htm
4. Bagnall, Gurli 2004, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A slender string to our bow [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wbagnall.htm
5. Bagnall, Gurli 2004a, COOKING THE BOOKS [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wbagnall.htm
6. Bagnall, Gurli 2004b, PSYCHIATRY AND PERFIDY [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wbagnall.htm
7. Bassett, Jodi 2009, The Ultra-Comprehensive Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Symptom List [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/themesymptomlist.htm
8. Bassett, Jodi 2009, What is Myalgic Encephalomyelitis [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/whatisme.htm
9. Bastien, Sheila PhD. 1992, Patterns of Neuropsychological Abnormalities and Cognitive Impairment in Adults and Children in Hyde, Byron M.D. (ed) 1992, The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa
10. Bell, David S MD 1995, The Doctor's Guide to CFIDS, Perseus Books, Massachusetts
11. Carruthers, Bruce M. et al 2003, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Haworth Medical Press, New York
12. Chabursky, Borys. Hyde, Byron M.D. & Anil Jain M.D. 1992, A Description of Patients who Present with a Presumed Diagnosis of M.E. in Hyde, Byron M.D. (ed) 1992, The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa, pp. 19-24
13. Cheney, Paul M.D. 2006, The Heart of the Matter [video recording], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wcheney.htm
14. Crowhurst, Greg and Crowhurst, Linda 2008, ME Awareness: Check out the facts, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wcrowhurst.htm
15. Crowhurst, Greg and Crowhurst, Linda 2007, The reality of living with severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wcrowhurst.htm
16. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. 2002a, The impact of persistent enteroviral infection, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
17. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. 2002b, MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL DRAFT DOCUMENT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
18. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. 2001a, THE LATE EFFECTS OF ME Can they be distinguished from the Post-polio syndrome? [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
19. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. 2001b, A rose by any other name [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
20. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. 2000, Mobility problems in ME [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
21. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. 1999a, Redefinitions of ME [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
22. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. 1999b, Research into ME 1988 - 1998 Too much PHILOSOPHY and too little BASIC SCIENCE!, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
23. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. 1998, Can Hysteria be diagnosed with confidence ? - Conflicts in British Research, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
24. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. n.d. a, Differences between ME and CFS, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
25. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. n.d. b, Time to put the exercise cure to rest, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
26. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. n.d. c, Is Stress more than a modern buzz word?, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
27. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. n.d. d, Brain problems in ME – is there a simple explanation? , [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wdowsett.htm
28. Dowsett, Elizabeth MBChB. in: Colby, Jane 1996, ME: The New Plague, Ipswitch Book Company, Ipswitch.
29. Dowsett E. & Ramsay, A.M. n.d., ‘Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: Then and Now' The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, B. Hyde (ed.), The Nightingale Foundation, Ottawa, pp. 81-84.
30. Dowsett E., Ramsay A.M., McCartney A.R., & Bell E.J. 1990, ‘Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A persistent Enteroviral Infection?' in The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, B. Hyde (ed.), The Nightingale Foundation, Ottawa, pp. 285-291.
31. Dunn, Linda (in consultation with the Cross Party Group on ME) 2005, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. The impact on sufferers: is health policy in Scotland on the right path? [Online], Available: http://www.meactionuk.org.uk/Briefing_paper_to_Scottish_MSPs_20_03_2005.htm
32. Griffin, Susan 2000, From What Her Body Thought: A Journey into the Shadows in Stricken; Voices from the Hidden Epidemic of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, ed Peggy Munson, The Haworth Press, New York
33. Hooper, M. & Marshall E.P. & Williams M. 2007, Corporate Collusion?, Available: http://www.meactionuk.org.uk/Corporate_Collusion_2.htm
34. Hooper, M. & Marshall E.P. 2005a, Illustrations of Clinical Observations and International Research Findings from 1955 to 2005 that demonstrate the organic aetiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/whooper.htm[Note that this paper is 174 pages in length and may take some time to load]
35. Hooper, M. & Marshall E.P. 2005b, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: Why no accountability? [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/whooper.htm
36. Hooper, M. & Montague S 2001a, Concerns about the forthcoming UK Chief medical officer’s report on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) notably the intention to advise clinicians that only limited investigations are necessary (The Montague/Hooper paper) [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/whooper.htm
37. Hooper, M. & Montague S 2001b, Concepts of accountability [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/whooper.htm
38. Hooper, M 2006, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME): a review with emphasis on key findings in biomedical research J. Clin. Pathol. published online 25 Aug 2006; doi:10.1136/jcp.2006.042408 Available: http://www.hfme.org/whooper.htm
39. Hooper, M. 2003a, The MENTAL HEALTH MOVEMENT: PERSECUTION OF PATIENTS? [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/whooper.htm
40. Hooper, M 2003b, Engaging with M.E.: Towards Understanding, Diagnosis and Treatment, University of Sunderland, UK
41. Hooper, M. n.d., The Terminology of ME and CFS [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/whooper.htm
42. Hooper, M. Marshall E.P. & Williams, M. 2001, What is ME? What is CFS? Information for Clinicians and Lawyers, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/whooper.htm
43. Hyde, Byron M.D. 2007, The Nightingale Definition of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis [Online], Available: www.hfme.org/whyde.htm
44. Hyde, Byron M.D. 2006, A New and Simple Definition of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and a New Simple Definition of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome & A Brief History of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis & An Irreverent History of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/whyde.htm
45. Hyde, Byron M.D. 2003, The Complexities of Diagnosis in (ed) Jason, Leonard at et al. 2003 Handbook of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Ross Wiley and Sons, USA. Available: http://www.hfme.org/whyde.htm
46. Hyde, Byron M.D. 1992, Preface in Hyde, Byron M.D. (ed) 1992, The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa.
47. Hyde, Byron M.D. & Anil Jain M.D. 1992, Clinical Observations of Central Nervous System Dysfunction in Post Infectious, Acute Onset M.E. in Hyde, Byron M.D. (ed) 1992, The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa, pp. 38-65.
48. Hyde, Byron M.D. & Anil Jain M.D. 1992a, Cardiac and Cardiovascular aspects of M.E.: A Review in Hyde, Byron M.D. (ed) 1992, The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa, pp. 375-383.
49. Hyde, Byron M.D., Bastien S Ph.D. & Anil Jain M.D. 1992, General Information, Post Infectious, Acute Onset M.E. / CFS in Hyde, Byron M.D. (ed) 1992, The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa, pp. 25-37.
50. Hyde, Byron M.D. 1988, Are Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and CFS Synonymous Terms? [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/whyde.htm
51. Johnson, Hillary 1996, Osler’s Web, Crown Publishers, New York
52. Jones, Doris M. MSc. 1998, SOME FACTS AND FIGURES ON CBT, GET AND OTHER APPROACHES Directly from the 'Horses' Mouths [Online]. Available: (link in title)
53. Mar, Countess of. 2004, House of Lords Debate [Online], Available: (link in title)
54. Marshall, Eileen & Williams, Margaret. 2006a, Some of the abnormalities that have been demonstrated in ME/CFS [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
55. Marshall, Eileen & Williams, Margaret. 2006b, Inquest implications [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
56. Marshall, Eileen & Williams, Margaret. 2006c, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis exists: True or false? [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
57. Marshall, Eileen & Williams, Margaret. 2005a, Problems and solutions? [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
58. Marshall, Eileen & Williams, Margaret. 2005b, Proof positive? Evidence of the deliberate creation via social constructionism of "psychosocial" illness by cult indoctrination of State agencies, and the impact of this on social and welfare policy [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
59. Marshall, Eileen & Williams, Margaret. 2005c, To set the record straight about Ean Proctor from the Isle of Man [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
60. Marshall, Eileen & Williams, Margaret. 2005d, Profits before Patients? [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
61. Marshall, Eileen & Williams, Margaret. 2004a, A note on the term Myalgic Encephalomyelitis [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
62. Marshall, Eileen & Williams, Margaret. 2004b, Transparency in government [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
63. Michell, Lynn 2003, Shattered: Life with ME, Thorsons Publishers, London
64. Munson, Mary 2000, Taking the Rap: Parents, Blame and Pediatric CFIDS in Stricken; Voices from the Hidden Epidemic of chronic Fatigue Syndrome, ed Peggy Munson, The Haworth Press, New York
65. Munson, Peggy (ed) 2000, Stricken; Voices from the Hidden Epidemic of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, The Haworth Press, New York
66. Peckerman A, LaManca JJ, Dahl KA, Chemitiganti R, Qureishi B, Natelson BH. 2003, Abnormal Impedance Cardiography Predicts Symptom Severity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences: 2003:326:(2):55-60)
67. Ralph, Stephen 2003, Notes on the involvement of Wessely et al with the Insurance Industry and how they deal with ME or CFS claims, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wralph.htm
68. Ralph, Stephen 2003a, Notes on recent research in ME and the Government’s policy of denial, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wralph.htm
69. Ralph, Stephen 1996, The 1996 Strasbourg Convention on Biomedicine and the reform of the UK Mental Health Act: have they anything to do with the attempt to re-classify ME and CFS as mental illness in the WHO Guide to Mental Health in Primary Care? [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wralph.htm
70. Ramsay, A. 1988, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Postviral Fatigue States: The saga of Royal Free Disease, Gower Medical Publishing, London.
71. Ramsay, Melvin A. 1989, ME Association Newsletter, Winter 1989: pp. 20-21.
72. Ramsay, Melvin A. n.d., The Myalgic Encephalomyelitis syndrome [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wramsay.htm
73. Ramsay, Melvin A. 1986, MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS : A Baffling Syndrome With a Tragic Aftermath. [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wramsay.htm
74. Richardson, J. 1999, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: Guidelines for doctors [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wrichardson.htm
75. Richardson, J. n.d., ‘M.E., The Epidemiological and Clinical Observations of a Rural Practitioner,’ The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Hyde, Byron M.D. (ed) The Nightingale Foundation, Ottawa, pp. 85-94.
76. Rotholz, James 2000, CFIDS, Suffering and the Divine in Stricken; Voices from the Hidden Epidemic of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, ed Peggy Munson, The Haworth Press, New York
77. Rutherford, Jonathan 2007, New Labour, the market state, and the end of welfare [Online] Available: http://www.lwbooks.co.uk/journals/articles/rutherford07.html
78. Ryll, Erich D. 1994, INFECTIOUS VENULITIS, CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, [Online], Available: http://www.geocities.com/tcjrme/recommend23.html
79. San Diego Chronic Diseases, [Online], Available: http://www.sandiegocd.org/index.html
80. The 25% M.E. Group (comments by Greg Crowhurst) 2005, Submission To The Parliamentary Inquiry Into Progress In The Scientific Research Of M.E. By The 25% ME Group, [Online]. Available: http://www.hfme.org/w25group.htm
81. The 25% M.E. Group. 2004, SEVERELY AFFECTED ME (MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS) ANALYSIS REPORT ON QUESTIONNAIRE [Online]. Available: http://www.hfme.org/w25group.htm
82. The 25% M.E. Group n.d.a., 25% ME Group Response to the CFS/ME Research Advisory Group’s Draft Report, [Online]. Available: http://www.hfme.org/w25group.htm
83. The 25% M.E. Group n.d.b., PRESS RELEASE & GENERAL STATEMENT, [Online]. Available: http://www.hfme.org/w25group.htm
84. The 25% M.E. Group and MERGE 2002, Severely Overlooked by Science — An Overview of Research on Severely-ill People with ME, [Online]. Available: http://www.hfme.org/w25group.htm
85. The 25% M.E. Group and MERGE 2000, Survey of the experiences of housebound/bed-bound ME patients, [Online]. Available: http://www.meresearch.org.uk/research/reviews/experiences.html
86. The Committee for Justice and Recognition of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis 2007, [Online], Available: http://www.geocities.com/tcjrme/
87. The ME Society of America website 2007, [Online], Available: http://www.cfids-cab.org/MESA/framework.html
88. Verillo, Erica F & Gellman, Lauren M 1997, CFIDS - A Treatment Guide, St. Martin's Griffin, New York
89. Walker, Martin J. 2003, SKEWED: Psychiatric Hegemony and the Manufacture of Mental Illness in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Gulf War Syndrome, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Slingshot Publications, London.
90. Web M.D. website 2009, [Online], Available: http://www.webmd.com
91. Williams, Margaret 2007, Wessely, Woodstock and Warfare, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
92. Williams, Margaret 2004, Critical considerations, [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
93. Williams, Margaret 2003, Quotations from "SOMATIC MEDICINE ABUSES PSYCHIATRY - AND NEGLECTS CAUSAL RESEARCH" by Per Dalen [Online], Available: http://www.hfme.org/wmarshallandwilliams.htm
94. Quintero, Sezar 2002, Sophisticated Investigation, or How to Disguise a Disease, [Online], Available: http://www.geocities.com/sezar99q/
Before reading this research/advocacy information given in the above links, please be aware of the following facts: 2. The research referred to on this website varies considerably in quality. Some is of a high scientific standard and relates wholly to M.E. and uses the correct terminology. Other studies are included which may only have partial or minor possible relevance to M.E., use unscientific terms/concepts such as ‘CFS,’ ‘ME/CFS,’ ‘CFS/ME,’ ‘CFIDS’ or Myalgic ‘Encephalopathy’ and also include a significant amount of misinformation. Before reading this research it is also essential that the reader be aware of the most commonly used ‘CFS’ propaganda, as explained in A warning on ‘CFS’ and ‘ME/CFS’ research and advocacy and in more detail in Putting research and articles on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis into context.
1. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and ‘Chronic Fatigue Syndrome’ are not synonymous terms. The overwhelming majority of research on ‘CFS’ or ‘CFIDS’ or ‘ME/CFS’ or ‘CFS/ME’ or ‘ICD-CFS’ does not involve M.E. patients and is not relevant in any way to M.E. patients. If the M.E. community were to reject all ‘CFS’ labelled research as ‘only relating to ‘CFS’ patients’ (including research which describes those abnormalities/characteristics unique to M.E. patients), however, this would seem to support the myth that ‘CFS’ is just a ‘watered down’ definition of M.E. and that M.E. and ‘CFS’ are virtually the same thing and share many characteristics.
A very small number of ‘CFS’ studies refer in part to people with M.E. but it may not always be clear which parts refer to M.E. The A warning on ‘CFS’ and ‘ME/CFS’ research and advocacy paper is recommended reading and includes a checklist to help readers assess the relevance of individual ‘CFS’ studies to M.E. (if any) and explains some of the problems with this heterogeneous and skewed research.
In future, it is essential that M.E. research again be conducted using only M.E. defined patients and using only the term M.E. The bogus, financially-motivated disease category of ‘CFS’ must be abandoned.
It is a myth that there is no evidence for M.E. The problem is that this evidence is ignored by those in positions of power, not that it doesn't exist.
Disclaimer: The HFME does not dispense medical advice or recommend treatment, and assumes no responsibility for treatments undertaken by visitors to the site. It is a research-information and advocacy resource only. Please consult your own health-care provider regarding any medical issues relating to the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
A reference list by Professor Malcolm Hooper:
(1) Epidemiological study of an epidemic diagnosed as poliomyelitis occurring among the personnel of Los Angeles County General Hospital during the summer of 1934. Gilliam AG Public Health Bulletin, US Treasury Department No.240, 1938
(2) An investigation into an unusual disease in epidemic and sporadic form in general practice in Cumberland in 1955 and subsequent years. Wallis AL. University of Edinburgh Doctoral Thesis 1957
(3) The Clinical Syndrome Variously Called Benign Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Iceland Disease and Epidemic Neuromyasthenia. ED Acheson. Am J Med 1959:569 595
(4) Diseases of the Nervous System. Lord Brain. Sixth Edition. Oxford University Press 1962
(5) Epidemic Neuromyasthenia 1934 1977.. current approaches. Ed: WH Lyle and RN Chamberlain. Postgraduate Medical Journal 1978:54:637:705 774 pub: Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
(6) Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Baffling Syndrome with a Tragic Aftermath. A. Melvin Ramsay pub: The ME Association, November 1981
(7) Presentation to the Scottish Parliament on 4th April 2001 by Dr A. Chaudhuri, Senior Clinical Lecturer in Neurology, University of Glasgow
(8) US CDC CFS Programme Update, 29th August 2001
(9) Introduction to Research and Clinical Conference. Daniel L Peterson. Journal of CFS 1995: 1:3 4:123 125 (Previously presented at the AACFS International Research and Clinical Conference on CFS held at Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 7th1Oth October 1994, co sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and the Centres for Disease Control)
(10) The Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. JS Anderson, CE Ferrans J Nervous and Mental Diseases 1997:185:6:359 367
(11) Quality of Life in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. R Schweitzer et al Soc Sci Med 1995:41:10: 1367 1372
(12) Interferon induced proteins are elevated in blood samples of patients with chemically or virally induced chronic fatigue syndrome. Vojdani A, Lapp CW. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1999:21: (2):175 202
(13) Estimating rates of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from a community based sample. Jason LA et al American Journal of Community Psychology 1995:21557 568
(14) Prevalence of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in an Australian Population. Lloyd AR et al Medical Journal of Australia 1990:153:522 528
(15) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Report of a Joint Working Group of the Royal Colleges of Physicians, Psychiatrists and General Practitioners (CR 54) pub. RCP London 1996
(16) The Organic Basis of ME / CFS. EG Dowsett, DM Jones. Information and Statistics presented to the Chief Medical Officer in person at a meeting on 11th March 1998
(17) Review by JF Mowbray, Emeritus Professor of Immunopathology, Imperial College School of Medicine, London: Enteroviral and Toxin Mediated Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and other Organ Pathologies. John Richardson. The Haworth Press Inc. New York, 2001 ISBN 0 7890 1128 X
(18) The Post Polio Syndrome.. Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment. Proceedings of the First International Scientific Conference on the Post Polio Syndrome. ed: Dalakas MC, Bartfeld H & Kurland LT. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 1995:753:1 409
(19) Enteroviral and Toxin Mediated Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Other Organ Pathologies. John Richardson The Haworth Press Inc, New York 2001
(20) Clinical Observations of Central Nervous System Dysfunction in Post infectious Acute Onset ME / CFS. B Hyde A Jain. In. The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. ed: BM Hyde, J Goldstein, P Levine pub: The Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa, Canada, 1992
(21) as reference 19
(22) Chronic Fatigue. Cuozzo J. JAMA 1989:261..5:697
(23) Arguments for a Role of Abnormal lonophore Function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. A Chaudhuri, WS Watson, PO Behan. In: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. ed: Yehuda and Moldofsky, pub Plenum Press, New York 1997
(24) Phosphocreatine turnover and pH balance in forearm muscle of patients with Syndrome X. Soussi B et al Lancet 1993: 341:829 830
(25) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Overlap Syndromes. A Chaudhuri, PO Behan. CNS: Summer 1998:1..2. 16 20
(26) Lukaczer D. Syndrome X. Inst Functional Med, Gig Harbor Washington 1998
(27) Presented at the Dublin International Meeting on ME / ICD CFS by Professor Charles Poser of the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and the Neurological Unit, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 18th 20th May 1994 (under the auspices of The World Federation of Neurology)
(28) Allergy and the chronic fatigue syndrome. Stephen E Straus et al J All Clin Immunol 1988:81.791 795
(29) Sympathetic Dysfunction Demonstrated by Isometric Hand grip Response in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. JN Baraniuk et al. Presented at the AACFS Conference, Seattle, Jan 2001 # 126
(30) Lecture given by David Bell, Christie's Auction Rooms, London, 25th August 1998
(31) Cardiac and Cardiovascular Aspects of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. BM Hyde A Jain. In: The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Ed: BM Hyde, J Goldstein, P Levine. pub: The Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa, Canada 1992
(32) Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Then and Now. AM Ramsay EG Dowsett. In.. The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Ed: BM Hyde, J Goldstein, P Levine. pub: The Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa, 1992
(33) Memory Deficits Associated with Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome. CA Sandman, JL Barron et al Biol Psychiatry 1993.23:618 623
(34) Enteroviral and Toxin Mediated Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Other Organ Pathologies. John Richardson. The Haworth Press Inc. New York, 2001
(35) Reporting the high suicide risk. Ian Franklin. Perspectives, Summer 2001:12, pub by The ME Association, Stanford le Hope, Essex, UK
(36) The Epidemiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) in the UK. Evidence submitted to the All Party Parliamentary Group of Members of Parliament, EG Dowsett J Richardson. 23 Nov 1999
(37) A clinical description of a disease resembling poliomyelitis seen in Adelaide. Pellew RAA. Med J Aust 1955:42.480 482
(38) A chronic illness characterized by fatigue, neurologic and immunologic disorders. D. Buchwald, PR Cheney, DA Ablashi, RC Gallo, AL Komaroff et al. Ann Intern Med 1992..116:103 113
(39) Detection of intracranial abnormalities in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. RE Schwartz et al. Am J Roentgenology 1994:162:935 941
(40) A 56 year old woman with CFS. AL Komaroff. JAMA 1997.. 278..14:1179 1184
(41) Encephalomyelitis resembling benign myalgic encephalomyelitis. SGB Innes Lancet 1970: 969 971
(42) Prevalence in the cerebro spinal fluid of the following infectious agents in a cohort of 12 CFS subjects: Human Herpes Virus 6 & 8; Chlamyclia Species; Mycoplasma Species, EBV; CMV and Coxsackie B Virus. Susan Levine JCFS 2001: 9: 91-2:41-51
(43) Neuromuscular Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Carolyn L. Warner, Reid R. Heffner, D Cookfair. In.. The Clinical & Scientific Basis of ME / CFS. ed.. B.M. Hyde J Goldstein, P Levine. pub. The Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa 1992
(44) The Differential Diagnosis between Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Fatigue Postviral Syndrome. Charles M. Poser. ibid
(45) Polio Encephalitis and the Brain Generator Model of Post Viral Fatigue. Bruno RL et al Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1996:2: (2,3):5 27
(46) A new clinical entity? Editorial: Lancet 26 May 1956
(47) Detection of intracranial abnormalities in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: comparison of MR imaging and SPECT Schwartz RM, Komaroff AL et al. Am J Roentgenol 1994:162: (4):35 41
(48) Enterovirus in the chronic fatigue syndrome. McGarry F, Gow J and Behan PO Ann Intern Med 1994:120:972 973
(49) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Findings now point to Central Nervous System Involvement. DS Bell Postgrad Med 1994:96:6:73 81
(50) Brainstem perfusion is impaired in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Costa DC, Tannock C and Brostoff J. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1995:88:767 773
(51) Brain positron emission tomography (PET) in chronic fatigue syndrome: preliminary data. Tirelli U et al. Am J Med 1998:105: (3A): 54S-58S
(52) Neurological dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Chaudhuri, A and Behan PO. JCFS 2000:6: (3-4):51-68
(53) Relationship of brain MRI abnormalities and physical functional status in chronic fatigue syndrome. Cook DIB, Natelson BH et al Int J Neurosci 2001:107: (1-2):1-6
(54) A multi centre study of autoimmunity in CFS. K Sugiura, D Buchwald, A Komaroff, E Tan et al AACFS # 037, Seattle, January 2001
(55) Presentation by Dr Paul Cheney. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome National Consensus Conference, Sydney, Australia, 1995
(56) Autoantibodies to Nuclear Envelope Antigens in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. K Konsintinov, Dedra Buchwald, J Jones et al J Clin Invest 1996:98:8:1888-1896
(57) Antinuclear Envelope Antibodies Clinical Associations. Nesher G, Margalit R, Ashkenazi YJ Semin Arthritis Rheum 2001:30: (5):313-320
(58) Enhanced sensitivity of the peripheral cholinergic vascular response in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Vance A Spence, Faisal Khan, Jill JF Belch. Am J Med 2000:108:736-739
(59) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is an Acquired Neurological Channelopathy. A Chaudhuri, P Behan. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 1999:14:7-17
(60) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: is total body potassium important? Burnett RB et al Medical Journal of Australia 1996:164:6:384
(61) Arguments for a role of abnormal ionophore function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. A Chaudhuri, WS Watson, PO Behan. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. ed: Yehuda & Mostofsky pub: Plenum Press, New York, 1997
(62) Demonstration of delayed recovery from fatiguing exercise in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Paul LA et al European Journal of Neurology 1999:6:63-69
(63) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. JA Goldstein. pub: The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Institute, Beverly Hills, California 1990 ISBN 0-9625654-0-7
(64) Lack of association between HLA genotype and chronic fatigue syndrome. Underhill JA, Wessely S et al Eur J Immunogenet 2001:28 (3):425-428
(65) The Biology of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Anthony L Komaroff Am J Med 2000:108:99-105
(66) Epidemiological Advances in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Paul H Levine J psychiat Res 1996:31:1:7-18
(67) Neuroendocrinology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. TG Dinan. Presented at the First World Congress on CFS and Related Disorders, Brussels, 9 11 November 1995
(68) Critical life events, infection and symptoms during the year preceding CFS. Theorell T et al Psychosom Med 1999:61:3:304-310
(69) Chronic fatigue syndrome following a toxic exposure. D Racciatti et al Sci Total Environ 2001:1-3:27-31
(70) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome as a Delayed Reaction to Chronic Low dose Organophosphate Exposure. PO Behan J Nutr & Environ Med 1996:6:341-350
(71) Precipitating Factors for the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Irving E Salit. J psychiat Res 1997: 31:1:59-65
(72) Medical Aspects of Delayed Convalescence. LE Cluff. Rev Inf Dis 1991:13: (Suppl 1): S138 S40
(73) Diagnosis and treatment of multiple chronic bacterial and viral infections in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME / CFS), Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Gulf War Illness. GL Nicolson et al Presented at The Alison Hunter Memorial Foundation Third International Clinical and Scientific Conference, 1st 2nd December 2001, Sydney, Australia
(74) Stress and Combined Exposure to Low Daily Doses of Pyridostigmine Bromide, DEET and Permethrin in Adult Rats Causes Blood Brain Barrier Disruption and Neurochemical and Neurohormonal Alterations in the Brain. MB Abou Donia. ibid
(75) Objective Evidence of Brain Impairment in the Chemical Syndrome. KH Kilburn. ibid
(76) Blood Brain Barrier Breakdown in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. Behan W, Gow JW, Curtis F Presented at "Fatigue 2000" Conference, London 23rd 24th April 1999, arranged by The National ME Centre, Harold Wood, Essex, in conjunction with the Essex Neurosciences Unit
(77) personal communication (10 February 1992) from John Dwyer, Professor of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
(78) Is CFS linked to Vaccinations? Charles Shepherd. The CFS Research Review 2001:2:1:6-8
(79) New light on the causes and management of postviral fatigue syndrome. Charles Shepherd. Modem Medicine 1988:287
(80) Environmental Medicine in Clinical Practice. H Anthony, S Birtwhistle, K Eaton, J Maberly. pub: BSAENM 1997, ISBN 0-9523397-2-2
(81) CFIDS and Anaesthesia: what are the risks? EA Crean. CFIDS Chronicle Winter (Jan) 2000:11-13
(82) Persistence of enteroviral RNA in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is associated with the abnormal production of equal amounts of positive and negative strands of enteroviral RNA. L Cunningham, NE Bowles et al J Gen Virol 1990:71:6:1399-1402
(83) Evidence for Enteroviral Persistence in Humans. DN Galbraith et al J Gen Virol 1997:78:307-312
(84) Frequent HHV 6 reactivation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). DV Ablashi et al J Clin Virol 2000: (3):16:179-191
(85) Evidence of Active HHV6 Infection and its Correlation with RNase L Low Molecular Weight Protein (37 kDa) in CFS Patients. D Ablashi, S Levine et al Presented at The Alison Hunter Third International Clinical and Scientific Conference, lst 2nd Dec 2001, Sydney, Australia
(86) The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome pp. 42, 62, 70, 73, 87, 89, 91, 268, 376, 427 430. ed: BM Hyde, J Goldstein, P Levine. pub: The Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa 1992
(87) Outbreak at The Royal Free. ED Acheson. Lancet 20 August 1955:304-305
(88) M.E. Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome. Dr Anne Macintyre. Unwin Hyman 1989
(89) Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome: a Patient Guide. CFIDS Assn. 1989
(90) The Disease of a Thousand Names. DS Bell. Pollard Publications, New York 1991
(91) How do 1 diagnose a patient with CFS? J. Goldstein. In: The Clinical and Scientific Basis of ME / CFS ed: BM Hyde, J Goldstein, P Levine. pub: The Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa, 1992
(92) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: evaluation of a 30 criteria score and correlation with immune activation. Hilgers A, Frank J. JCFS 1996:2:4:35-47
(93) Viral Isolation from Brain in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (A Case Report). John Richardson Journal of CFS 2001:9: (3-4):15-19
(94) Cardiac involvement in patients with CFS as documented with Holter monitor and biopsy data AM Lerner et al Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 1997:6:327-333
(95) Lung function test findings in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, De Lorenzo et al. Australia & New Zealand Journal of Medicine. 1996:26:4:563-564
(96) Icelandic Disease (Benign Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or Royal Free Disease). AM Ramsay EG Dowsett et al. BMJ May 1977:1350
(97) The 'chronic mononucleosis' syndromes. Komaroff AL Hosp Pract 1987 (May):71-75
(98) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Northern Nevada. SA Daugherty et al Rev Inf Dis 1991:13: S39-S44
(99) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Depression: Biological Differentiation and Treatment CM Jorge, PJ Goodnick. Psychiatric Annals 1997:27:5:365-386
(100) Symptom patterns in long duration chronic fatigue syndrome. F. Friedberg et al J Psychosom Res 2000:48:59-68
(101) Presentation by Dr Paul Cheney. CFS National Consensus Conference, Sydney, Australia,1995
(102) Guidelines for the Blood Transfusion Service in the UK 1989:5.42 / 5.44 / 5.410; Department of Health; pub: HMSO
(103) Severely Neglected: ME in the UK. Report from Action for ME. March 2001
(104) How the Law is being abused to force treatment on children: parents of ME sufferers are being victimised by the Children Act. The Countess of Mar Daily Telegraph 11th July 2001
(105) Good Medical Practice. pub: The General Medical Council, UK
(106) The position of Australian psychiatry in the CFS debate. N Phillips. Presented at The Alison Hunter Memorial Foundation Third International Clinical and Scientific Conference, 1st 2nd December 2001, Sydney, Australia
(107) Osler's Web: Inside the Labyrinth of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Epidemic. Hillary Johnson. Crown Publishers Inc, New York, 1996 (page 218)
(108) ibid (page 268)
(109) ibid (page 218)
(110) Hansard (Lords) 19th December 1998:1013
(111) Ill defined notions. Ziauddin Sardar. New Statesman, 5th February 1999
(112) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Joint Royal Colleges' Report CR54. RCP Publications Unit, 1996
(113) Chronic Fatigue, ME, and ICD 10 David A, Wessely S. Lancet 1993:342:1247-1248
(114) Chronic fatigue and myalgia syndromes. Wessely S. In: Psychological Disorders in General Medical Settings. ed: N Sartorius et al pub: Hogrefe & Huber, 1990
(115) Chronic fatigue syndrome: an update. Anthony J Cleare, Simon C Wessely. Update (Recent Advances): 14th August 1996:61-69
(116) Letter from Dr B Saraceno, Director, Department of Mental Health 16 October 2001
(117) A Research Portfolio on Chronic Fatigue. ed. Robin Fox for The Linbury Trust. pub. The Royal Society of Medicine Press 1998
(118) New research ideas in Chronic Fatigue. ed. Richard Frackowiak and Simon Wessely for The Linbury Trust. pub: The Royal Society of Medicine Press 2000
(119) Final draft of CMO's Report on CFS / ME, November 2001
(120) A Subgroup Analysis of Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Studies. Fred Friedberg. Journal of CFS 1999:5:3 4:149-159
(121) JAMA issues correction. Journal of the American Medical Association 1990 (referring to the issue dated 4th July 1990 and article entitled Chronic fatigue: A prospective clinical and virologic study by Deborah Gold et al:264:1:48-53)
(122) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Report of a Joint Working Group of the Royal Colleges of Physicians, Psychiatrists and General Practitioners (CR54) pub: RCP October 1996
(123) A study of the immunology of the chronic fatigue syndrome: correlation of immunological parameters to health dysfunction. IS Hassan, W Weir et al Clin Immunol Clin Immunopathol 1998:87:60-67
(124) The Differential Diagnosis between Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Fatigue Postviral Syndrome. Charles M Poser. In: The Clinical and Scientific Basis of ME / CFS. ed: BM Hyde, J Goldstein & P Levine. pub: The Nightingale Research Foundation, Ottawa, 1992
(125) Correlation between allergy and persistent Epstein Barr virus infections in chronic active EBV infected patients. George B Olsen, James F Jones et al J All Clin Immunol 1986:78:308-314
(126) The Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Syndrome. JC Murdoch. Family Practice 1988:5:4:302 306. pub: Oxford University Press
(127) Allergy and the chronic fatigue syndrome. Stephen E Straus, Janet Dale et al J All Clin Immunol 1988:81:791-795
(128) History of the chronic fatigue syndrome. Stephen E Straus. Rev Inf Dis 1991:111:S2 S7
(129) Epidemiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Paul Levine. Clin Inf Dis 1994:18:1:S57-S60
(130) Comparison of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and multiple chemical sensitivities. D Buchwald, D Garrity. Arch Intern Med 1994:154:2049-2053
(131) Multiple Chemical Sensitivity in CFS. JN Baraniuk et al. AACFS Seattle, Jan 2001 # 124
(132) Functional somatic syndromes: one or many: S Wessely, C Nimnuan, M Sharpe Lancet 1999:354:936 939
(133) How to differentiate CFS from psychiatric disorder. E. Stein. Presented at The Alison Hunter Memorial Foundation Third International Clinical and Scientific Conference, 1st 2nd December 2001, Sydney, Australia
(134) Myalgic encephalomyelitis or what? AM Ramsay. Lancet 1988:100
(135) ibid 101
(136) Report from The National Task Force on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. Westcare, Bristol, 1994
(137) Editorial: Roberto Patarca Montero Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 2000:7:4:1
(138) Politics, Science, and the Emergence of a New Disease: the case of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Jason LA et al Am Psychol 1997:52:9:973-983
(139) Conference calls for serious research. T Lupton CFIDS Chronicle 2001:14:1:12-13
(140) Cytokine Levels in CFS Patients with a Different Immunological Profile. K de Meirleir et al AACFS, Seattle, January 2001 # 017
(141) A Definition based Analysis of Symptoms in a Large Cohort of Patients with CFS. P de Becker et al AACFS, Seattle, January 2001: # 019
(142) Use of Factor Analysis in Detecting Subgroups (of CFS patients). Paul H Levine et al AACFS, Seattle, January 2001 # 052
(143) Written reply from the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Health, 18 January 1996 reference POH (6) 41391192
(144) The Royal Colleges' Report on CFS: Insidiously Biased and Potentially Harmful. T Hedrick CFIDS Chronicle 1997:10:1:8-13
(145) Editorial Frustrating Survey of Chronic Fatigue. Lancet 1996:348:971
(146) Why doctors are failing ME sufferers. Richard Horton (Editor of The Lancet): Observer Life, 23rd March 1997:p 54
(147) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. TE Hedrick Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1997:90:723-727
(148) Letter to Professor Wessely from the Countess of Mar 18th February 2000
(149) Hansard 11th May 2000: 461W- 462W
(150) Human endogenous retrovirus: nature, occurrence and clinical implications in human disease. Urnovtiz HB Clin Microbiol Rev 1996:1:72-99
(151) PRISMA Company Information, 2001 (Internet) (these details have since been removed by Prisma from their website. No reason was given. (14/01/03))
(152) Medical and Welfare Bulletin. 2001:2:8 pub by The ME Association, Essex, UK
(153) Hansard (Lords), 28th April 1993:364-382
(154) Hansard (Lords), 10th May 1995:66-68
(155) Subscription Form for CAHF (now HealthWatch), 1990
(156) Microbes, Mental Illness, the Media and ME: The Construction of Disease. Simon Wessely. The 9th Eliot Slater Memorial Lecture, The Institute of Psychiatry, London, 12th May 1994
(157) Eradicating ME: Report of a meeting held on 15th April 1992 at Belfast Castle. Pfizer / Invicta Pharmaceuticals: 1992:4-5
(158) Dirty Medicine. Martin J Walker pub: Slingshot Publications, BM Box 8314, London 1993
(159) Taylor v Airport Transport Warehouse Services, 21 October 1991; Osmond Gaunt & Rose for the Plaintiff; Wilde Sapte for the Defendant
(160) Letter from Professor Liam Donaldson, CMO, September 1999, ref P0319199
(161) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Anthony J Pinching Prescribers' Journal 2000:40:2:99 106 (now out of publication)
(162) Immunological studies on the blood of patients with Gulf War Syndrome. A. Vojdani. AACFS # 076, Seattle, January 2001
(163) Introduction to Research and Clinical Conference. Daniel L Peterson. Journal of CFS 1995: 1:3 4:123-125 (Presented at the AACFS International Research and Clinical Conference held at Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 7th 10th October 1994, cosponsored by the National Institutes of Health and the Centres for Disease Control
(164) American Medical Association Statement, Co Cure: 17th July 2001
(165) Letters. Simon Wessely. The CFIDS Chronicle, Summer 1994:77
(166) Publication bias and the integrity of psychiatric research. Editorial: SM Gilbody, F Song Psychological Medicine 2000.20:253-258
(167) Biomedical Journals Ponder the Failures and Remedies of Peer Review. Joan Stephenson JAMA 2001 (December 19):286:23
(168) Under reporting research is scientific misconduct. Chalmers I. JAMA 1990:253:1405-1408
(169) Publication bias and the integrity of psychiatric research. SM Gilbody, F Song. Psychological Medicine 2000:30:253-258
(170) Sixth Report: Procedures Related to Adverse Clinical Incidents and Outcomes in Medical Care. Stationary Office, 23 November 1999
(171) Written Opinion from Leading Counsel (2, Kings Bench Walk) Temple, London) 6th April 2000
(172) A sociological gaze on ME / CFS: a modern malady in need of humane medicine. NT Millen Presented at the Alison Hunter Memorial Foundation Third International Clinical and Scientific Conference, 1st 2nd December 2001, Sydney, Australia
